Search results for "ganglion cells"
showing 10 items of 66 documents
RINT1 Loss Impairs Retinogenesis Through TRP53-Mediated Apoptosis
2020
Genomic instability in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with defective neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Congenital human syndromes that affect the CNS development originate from mutations in genes of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. RINT1 (Rad50-interacting protein 1) is a partner of RAD50, that participates in the cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Recently, we showed that Rint1 regulates cell survival in the developing brain and its loss led to premature lethality associated with genomic stability. To bypass the lethality of Rint1 inactivation in the embryonic brain and better understand the roles of RINT1 in CNS development, we conditionally…
Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Hydrophilic Saffron Extract in a Model of Glaucoma
2019
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). An increase in the intraocular pressure is the principal risk factor for such loss, but controlling this pressure does not always prevent glaucomatous damage. Activation of immune cells resident in the retina (microglia) may contribute to RGC death. Thus, a substance with anti-inflammatory activity may protect against RGC degeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content in a mouse model of unilateral, laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Treatment with saffron extract decreased microg…
Longitudinal Analysis of Serum Autoantibody-Reactivities in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Optic Disc Hemorrhage.
2015
Background The aim of our current investigation was to analyze the autoantibody-reactivities of primary open angle glaucoma patients with optic disc hemorrhage as possibly correlated to disease progression by means of a protein microarray approach. Methods Sera of patients with primary open angle glaucoma and optic disc hemorrhage (n = 16) were collected directly after study inclusion (0 weeks) and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks. As a control group patients with primary open angle glaucoma (n = 18) were used (0 weeks and 12 weeks). Microarrays were incubated and occurring antibody-antigen-reactions were visualized with fluorescence labeled anti-human-IgG secondary antibodies. To detect…
The Small Heat Shock Protein α-Crystallin B Shows Neuroprotective Properties in a Glaucoma Animal Model
2017
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. The pathogenesis of glaucoma remains unclear, and novel approaches for neuroprotective treatments are urgently needed. Previous studies have revealed significant down-regulation of α-crystallin B as an initial reaction to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), followed by a clear but delayed up-regulation, suggesting that this small heat-shock protein plays a pathophysiological role in the disease. This study analyzed the neuroprotective effect of α-crystallin B in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. Significant IOP elevation induced b…
Rev-Erb modulates retinal visual processing and behavioral responses to light
2016
International audience; The circadian clock is thought to adjust retinal sensitivity to ambient light levels, yet the involvement of specific clock genes is poorly understood. We explored the potential role of the nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV-ERB; or NR1D1) in this respect. In light-evoked behavioral tests, compared with wild-type littermates, Rev-Erb(-/-) mice showed enhanced negative masking at low light levels (0.1 lx). Rev-Erb(-/-) mouse retinas displayed significantly higher numbers of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs; 62% more compared with wild-type) and more intense melanopsin immunostaining of individual ipRGCs. In agreement with a…
Structure-function relationship between FDF, FDT, SAP, and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in glaucoma patients.
2012
Purpose Flicker defined form perimetry (FDF) and frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT) are alleged to detect glaucoma at an earlier stage than standard automated perimetry (SAP). It is the purpose of this study to investigate the structure-function relationship between FDF, FDT, SAP, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) in patients with glaucoma. Methods Seventy-six patients with glaucoma were included in the study. Patients were tested with SAP, Matrix-FDT, FDF perimetry, and cSLO. Structure-function relationships between global and sectoral cSLO parameters and global and sectoral mean sensitivity (MS) of SAP, Matrix-FDT, and FDF were calculated using Spearman's rank c…
Flicker Defined Form Perimetry in Glaucoma Suspects with Normal Achromatic Visual Fields
2014
To evaluate if repeated flicker-defined form (FDF) perimetry can detect visual field (VF) defects in glaucoma suspects with normal findings in achromatic standard automated perimetry (SAP).Patients with optic nerve heads (ONHs) or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) findings clinically suspicious for glaucoma and normal SAP were enrolled. Patients underwent VF testing with FDF perimetry (Heidelberg Edge Perimetry, HEP) at two consecutive visits (HEP I and HEP II) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT). Abnormal HEP was defined by cluster-point analysis (CPA) and by the HEP specific glaucoma hemi-field test (GHT). Results were compared with an age-…
Ultrastructure of the Retina in Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
1998
A 33-year-old woman died of biopsy-proven adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) or Kufs’ disease marked by fingerprint and curvilinear lipopigments in neural and nonneural cell types. She had never experienced visual impairment or shown electroretinographic abnormalities. At autopsy, her retina appeared intact without degeneration at the light-microscopic level, but nerve cells in different layers were loaded with lipopigments of the granular type. This appears to be the third ultrastructural study of the retina in a patient with adult NCL, a former one showing preservation of the retina, another retinal degeneration. Thus, only further molecular genetic data will clarify the nosology …
Blue-yellow deficiencies in young moderate smokers.
2021
Purpose To evaluate whether tobacco affects color vision in young moderate smokers. Methods Chromatic mechanisms of 13 moderate smokers (10–20 cigarettes/day and at least 5 years smoking) and 17 non-smokers in the 18–35 age range were assessed with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue (FM100h) test and short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). Results FM100h Total Error Scores (TES) were higher for smokers, and although differences were not significant (p = 0.14), a linear model with principal component analysis was able to explain 95% of the variance in TES and red-green partial error scores, though not in blue-yellow partial error scores (p = 0.07), using the number of years as smokers and t…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Optic Disc in Eyes With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Normal-tension Glaucoma.
2019
PURPOSE To examine vessel density (VD) properties of the optic nerve head in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT), high-tension glaucoma (HTG), and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and to evaluate associations on structural parameters of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). METHODS Three groups of patients with OHT (n=15), HTG (n=36), and NTG (n=22), and a healthy control group (n=23) were included in this study. Peripapillary VD and optic disc flow area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography, and peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness was determined. Global and sectoral analysis of optic nerve head vasculature and pRNFL thickness were measured. RESULTS Glaucomatous eyes had lo…